According to preliminary data from Rosstat, in 2025 the gross harvest of grains and legumes in Russia amounted to 139.4 million tons. This is 10.7% more than in 2024 (125.9 million tons), and 2% above the 2020–2024 average.
2025 looks like a recovery year after the fall in 2024, but the peak values of recent years are still far away: for comparison, in 2022 the collection reached 157.6 million tons.
Wheat is the main driver of recovery
The harvest of grain crops (excluding legumes) in 2025 amounted to 131.4 million tons, which is +9% by 2024. However, relative to the five-year “norm,” the figure hardly grows: 99.5% compared to the average for 2020–2024.
The key contribution is made by wheat: 91.4 million tons (+10.6% by 2024 and +3.4% to the average for 2020–2024). Wheat again confirms the role of the base crop, which “holds” the overall result.
Barley rose sharply, corn sank
Barley in 2025 - 19.7 million tons (+18.3% by 2024), but still slightly below the five-year average (98.5%). This looks like strong annual growth, but in the long run it is more of a return to normal.
On the contrary, corn for grain is 12.7 million tons, which is below 2024 (90.7%) and noticeably below the five-year base (83.8%).
Rye and buckwheat are clear outsiders
The most severe dynamics are for rye: only 1 million tons, which is 14.3% less than the 2024 figure and only 54.5% compared to the average for 2020–2024. This is the strongest “minus” in the harvest and a signal of a steady decline in the segment.
Buckwheat - 0.9 million tons: 76.4% by 2024 and 80.8% by average. This is typical for a highly cyclical culture, but in 2025 the decline is visible both in annual comparison and relative to the “norm”.
Niche crops: oats, rice, triticale
Oats: 3.8 million tons (+25.8% by 2024 and +1.5% to the average) - growth is noticeable both in the short-term and in the “normal” base.
Rice: 1.19 million tons (−5.1% by 2024, but +9.2% to the average) - the level remains above the five-year norm.
Triticale: 0.28 million tons (+15.4% by 2024 and almost at the average level - 99.3%) - a stable niche.
Gross yields of agricultural crops in farms of all categories in the Russian Federation - Rosstat
Crop yields in farms of all categories in the Russian Federation
Source: https://www.zerno.ru/node/32083